4-Medicine-Disease-Kinds-Genetic Disease-Chromosome

aneuploidy

Chromosome numbers and shapes can be abnormal {aneuploidy, chromosome}| {chromosome instability}. Almost all cancer cells have aneuploidy, perhaps from gene mutations or carcinogens that affect dividing cells. Different cancers have different chromosome-disruption patterns.

non-disjunction

Homologous-pair chromosomes can fail to separate in second meiotic division {non-disjunction}.

4-Medicine-Disease-Kinds-Genetic Disease-Chromosome-Regions

chromosome inversion

Chromosomes can flip segments {chromosome inversion}.

translocation of chromosomes

Chromosomes can have segment deletion, duplication, or transfer {chromosome, translocation} {translocation, chromosome}.

4-Medicine-Disease-Kinds-Genetic Disease-Chromosome-Extra

chromosome abnormality

In early cell-division stages, cells can have too few or too many chromosomes {chromosome abnormality}, such as in Down's syndrome. One birth in 250 has chromosome abnormality. New strain 0139 flourished in 1993.

Down syndrome

Human #21 chromosome can have three copies {mongolism} {Down's syndrome} {Down syndrome}, rather than two, resulting in mental retardation. Symptoms are flattened face, thick and large tongue, extra eyelid folds, uncoordinated movements, and IQ between 20 and 60. Down's syndrome patients over 35 years have same pathological brain changes as Alzheimer's patients. Extra 21st chromosomes relate to infectious hepatitis.

Patau syndrome

Extra chromosome 13 causes mental retardation {Patau syndrome}.

4-Medicine-Disease-Kinds-Genetic Disease-Chromosome-Sex

Klinefelter syndrome

Having two X-chromosomes and one Y-chromosome results in male features but with enlarged breasts and few sperm {Klinefelter's syndrome} {Klinefelter syndrome}.

Turner syndrome

Having only one X-chromosome results in immature female features {Turner's syndrome} {Turner syndrome}|.

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Date Modified: 2022.0225